My Office Smoking A Little Rope - 2047 Words

her office smoking a little rope. Frankly, one couldn t tell if she had been smoking all day or not at all as she always acted the same. Classee and Japes became friends for life and would reconnect many times in the future. Mellow, was the executive chef and like a number of servers was promoted by Shorty from a line position. He was a worker that tried hard, but he was not a manager. Japes spent years in kitchens and worked with executive chefs as well as line cooks. Mellow was undoubtedly a good line cook. For all of Shorty s humor and energy he made poor choices by promoting servers that did not possess the skills necessary to qualify for the jobs. Shorty, was constantly managing day-to-day situations that would have been handled by†¦show more content†¦Jitters’ was the assistant general manager and was a skittish server. This was the only time in Japes career that he saw a server placed in such a poor position. Jitters had a little bit of a Kiva in him as he always did what Shorty told him to do. He was not independent of thought and showed true difficulty in making a decision. He was always nervous whether conducting a meeting or simply walking the hall. An honest server and a good citizen of the hotel, but in the wrong role for someone so ill-prepared. He was seen from time to time in the public space of the hotel with Mr. London. Mr. London’, was the President of the Hotel Division and was responsible for all the general managers and their assistants. He was from Europe and was the one who insisted on complying with the demanding work schedule. He would openly berate Jitters at the top of his lungs in front of everyone. He would publicly embarrass him to make a point. The only point he was trying to make was that he was in charge and all the servers would fall in line. The only real communication Japes had with Mr. London started as Mr. London one day decided to raise his voice at Japes. Japes, in a calm manner, directed Mr. London to the side of the lobby and said loud enough for any server to hear, †Take your condescending attitude and leave, I don t know who you think you are but you will never talk to me in that fashion!† Mr. London n ever addressed JapesShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech About Smoking1065 Words   |  5 Pagesas the new smoking. Chances are, your first thought when you heard this was something like â€Å"whatever†¦just one more thing that’s bad for me†. But, If sitting is the new smoking, then I could be in trouble and I bet most of you could be too. Many of us have jobs where we sit all day. The only moving around we do is to walk to the bathroom, walk to our car, or walk to someone’s office. And when we get to those destinations, what do we do? We usually sit. For me, I sit in sessions with my clients,Read More Is Jaws a Horror Movie? Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pagesaudiences feeling panicky. 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Yes, its comfortable enough, agreed the boss, and he flipped the Financial Times with a paper-knife.Read MoreA Short Story2173 Words   |  9 Pages All the same, we cling to our last pleasures as the tree clings to its last leaves. So there sat old Woodifield, smoking a cigar and staring almost greedily at the boss, who rolled in his office chair, stout, rosy, five years older than he, and still going strong, still at the helm. It did one good to see him. Wistfully, admiringly, the old voice added, Its snug in here, upom my word! Yes, its comfortable enough, agreed the boss, and he flipped the Financial Times with a paper-knife. AsRead MoreMedical Marijuan A New Miracle Cure Or Is It Still Just An Illegal Drug?2067 Words   |  9 Pageschildren as young as 2  ½ year old Cash Hyde from Montana are reaping the benefits of the curious oddity of medical cannabis. After being diagnosed with a brain tumor and undergoing countless medications that did not prove to be of enough assistance, little Cash s parents turned to cannabis to assist their small son. To their belief it was of substantial benefit to their son by aiding in his appetite (which was vacate for over 40 days) Cannabis, a completely natural product that comes from the EarthRead MoreDiploma leve 6 Part D assignment Essay14002 Words   |  57 Pagesand fabricating market. The company specialise in the design, fabrication, treatment and erection of various types of structural steel work, associated cladding and decking systems for hotels, hospitals, schools, warehouses, workshops, multi-storey offices and residential projects. When an enquiry is received the details are passed onto the estimating team who return a price for the work. 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Russian Revolution for Women Free Essays

Discrimination based on women in Russia, has over a long time been an issue of concern, raising more questions than answers. Women for a long period of time have been looked down upon and deprived of the various opportunities available such as jobs, education and political representation across the world. This has infringed the women’s opportunities to actively participate in building the economy. We will write a custom essay sample on Russian Revolution for Women or any similar topic only for you Order Now Efforts to curb this has resulted into various significant changes, with more revolutionary movements being formed to condemn and fight for the equal rights for women. However, various feminine activist in Russian such as Kollontai, has become forth to actively oppose the manner in which women are being perceived and treated within the state. This study therefore seeks to examine the issue of revolutionary movements in Russia and critically evaluate their efforts as well as what has been achieved in ensuring that women are more valued, respected and are granted equal opportunities and privileges as per the provisions of the International Human Rights Commission acts. The question for women has raised eyebrows of many. Regrettably, the Russian Marxist has remained reluctant in substantially solving the issue. Kollontai chiefly believed that women could only achieve their liberation through socialism. She joined the Russian revolution party in 1898 and played a significant role in fighting for women liberation. The revolution era is believed to have begun in 1905, with the establishment of Bolshevik revolution. Questions about women status in the country started gaining some sense of perception. Certainly, it is regrettable that in Russia, women has been greatly undermined. Indeed, this has led to calls for more revolutionary movements in the state such Bolshevism and emergence of feminine activists such as Alexander Kollontai, to fight for reforms and bring revolutions on the woman question in Russia. Background of the Study The question for women in the Russian State has raised many concerns for individuals and sensitive state organs. Majority of the Tsari, Russian population living in the rural areas before the 1917 revolution were peasants. Among them, women were treated as property for men. The women were regarded as nothing other than slaves for men according to the Tsari law. It was lawful for men to beat their wives more often. Due to high illiteracy rate of the Russian women, their oppression increased especially in the backward countryside of the state where cultural traditions were very strong. A more recent report reveals that, only 13.1% of Russian women were literate by 1897. Few job opportunities were available for women, with an extremely harsh working conditions. Moreover, girls were also not exempted. They suffered from early school drop-out at an average age of 12. They were then expected to help in home chores duty and work in the factories for longer hours at a miserable wages. This study largely dwells on the question of women oppression in Russia. Majorly, the study lays much focus on the revolutions that aimed at bringing the women oppressions to an end. Notably, Women have always demanded for change on the manner in which they are being treated. Among their plea is opportunities, education and to be perceived as an asset rather than just as a mere tool for men but for the whole nation. Women should be empowered and granted a healthy conditions to participate in building the Russian economy as well. Significance of the Study The study aims at exploring the Russian women revolutions in a wider perspective. This study is significant in a number of ways. First, it aims at pursuing ways in which the revolution movements emerged revolutionary to the Russian Women. Secondly, it explores the ruthless manner in which women were being treated in Russia. With a closer reference to the Bolshevik revolution which explores the women question, this study further reveals the various women rebellions that spurned their oppressions in the state. Russia was one of the leading states in mistreating women and girls by denying them job and education opportunities. This move attracted attention of many sensitive organs in the world in unpleasant manner, thus resulted into calls for necessary revolutions. Moreover, this study is relevant and examines how women struggled for their liberation. They demanded for their freedom from oppression in work stations. Indeed, the revolutions based on women question changed the way in which women were being perceived in the society and today, they are highly valued, respected and are entitled with equal economic rights and opportunities just as men. Russian Revolutions for Women The Russian Women Revolution, begun on an International women’s Day of February 23, 1917 with an unclear understanding by the working class women of how to go about it. Women were perceived as the most traditional layer of the working class before the revolution. They were directly responsible for the family care and were therefore bared from participating in strikes. Their living conditions became intolerable, with no bread, hiking inflation rates with majority getting involved in violent with their husbands publicly. The situation worsened and women workers from the textile industries resolved to take an action. Even though the revolutionary movement was a reality, it was evident that more preparations including sourcing for soldiers needed to be done. According to the Utopian socialist, women emancipation was believed to be the best measure of the moral level of the Russian culture. The Bolshevik movement, one of the leading revolution by Alexandria Kollontai played a vital revolutionary role in women socialism’s movement and fought persistently for the socialist progress. Women have undergone serious oppressions that even risked their lives especially for the few working class who demanded for their economic freedom. Kollontai is regarded a significant figure in fighting for the revolutionary movement for women despite being opposed by the socialists democratic party. Her revolutionary attempts at first faced serious hitches as the police launched a man-hunt for her following her allegations on the women question. She later flew into exile in 1906-1908 following the increased tension and fear of the police wrath. Bolshevik revolution was the first revolutionary movement that attained its peak in 1917. Kollontai officially joined the Bolshevik revolution in 1915, and was then elected a member of the Sixth Party Congress where she established the women’s bureau. The major role of women’s bureau was to mobilize the groups of women workers, bourgeons and the peasants so as to bring them under one party umbrella. Special women newspaper was then published in Petersburg to spread widely the propaganda among the women workers. Alongside Alexandria, Lenin and Krupskaya also played a significant revolutionary role for the women question. Lenin through the party organization, mobilized the social parties and mass of women workers resulting to join the First Party Congress which was then held in 1898 with women workers emancipation as the subject. Krupskaya joined the Brushnyev group where she met his spouse Lenin and together took part in the union struggle regarding the women question. In 1898, Krupskaya officially joined the Social Democratic Party movement and emerged the leading female Bolshevik. Notably, the following years after 1903 congress were characterized by massive strikes that ended into 1905 Revolution. Women workers fully participated in the strikes and began forming the workers councils in Russian soviets. The first Soviet Union movement was set up as a series of local strikes in the city which resulted to election of 151 delegates to represent the factory striking workers with more women as opposed to men. The number of women representatives was a remarkable achievement and the elected women were termed as revolutionary women in Russia. The 1905 revolution ended in a defeat tracked by a counter-revolution forcing the Bolsheviks back to the underground works. Although it was problematic to organize women following their defeat, the Bolshevik was believed to be excellent at organizing women for the revolutionary struggle. However, no women were allowed to attend the fifth social democratic party congress held in 1912. Women got into the Russia capital streets and organized mass rallies and strikes on The International Working Women’s day in 1917 appealing for support from the male workers. They held a massive demonstrations demanding for their daily bread, lower prices, free from harassments from their employees and equal economic freedom. This strike lasted for five days with uncontrollable demonstrations and strikes that increased tension and fear in the Russian city, thus attracting the attention of many. They later overthrew the Tsar, clinched power and became forefront with anger and frustrations of several years of struggle for their liberation. The February Revolution The February revolution women workers movement was set in motion by the working class women that condemned the ever-worsening economic situations. Demands for bread, children starvation, long working hours and ending the war stirred up mass protests and demonstrations which increased tension and fear on their leaders. More than 197,000 angry men and women joined the street protests and seized the police guns without any counter-attacks from the soldiers. The working class formed council of workers and Soviet unions as their organs of power. The Bolsheviks failed to cooperate with the Provisional government and instead urged for â€Å"All Power† soviets which was believed to be the only way to fulfill the demands of peace, bread, land and economic freedom. The women workers significantly participated in the strikes and demonstrations. Moreover, they also organized armed defense of the revolutionary works. They vividly took an integral part in revolutionary events, both locally and nationally by organizing talks in public meetings, circulation of posters encouraging women to remain in solidarity for the war, transporting weapons and ammunitions as well as caring for the wounded during the combat. The situation dramatically changed the condition for women in the countryside. The February Revolutionary Movement springs to the rural areas insighting the peasants too. In May 1917, Kollontai and other Bolsheviks revived a revolutionary newspaper, including a training school for working class women, the art of public speaking aiming at equipping them with skills of inspiring and educating other women when they get back to work. By September 1917, all Russian political strips could feel the taste of the revolution practically. Peasants continued apprising their volts as most soldiers join the Bolshevik movement to form the Red Army. The October revolution ended with a Women’s congress led by Bolshevik leaders Kollontai, Konkordia Samoilova and Klavdia Nikolaevna. During the Congress discussion, women were encouraged to reassess their personal interests and actively demand for their rights to paid maternity leaves and child care, education, minimal working hours and better working conditions. Kollontai presented the women demands to Bolshevik leaders who transformed most proposals into the law. Most women were granted political leadership and formed the Soviet Union that shunned down all the women emancipation, a major question on women. Most revolutionary women turned to their normal lives having successfully fought for their victory. Women education attained greater heights of up to the university level. Other benefits include provisions of maternity leaves and benefits, access to more employment opportunities and proper child care services. In the late 1930s, the end result became impressing and women who fought for the revolutions exemplary enjoyed the benefits of their struggle. The soviet equality policy demanded for public jobs for the people. Women who initially worked in their local gardens and as home and family caretakers joined the working class women. However, the implementation of Lien’s New Economic Policy (NEP) restored the country’s crumbling post-civil war economy. The implementation of the new easy divorce laws imposed more burden on women as men could take the advantage of the law to recklessly dump their wives and children. This further worsened the situations in the marriage hence increased domestic violence. To conclude, the Russian revolution for women took series of dimensions and an extra-long journey to be achieved. Women emancipation raised a lot of question in the Russian state since the working class women were seriously underrated and exploited. Women struggled for their liberation by forming and participating in women group movements to demand for their rights and condemning their oppressions. Kollontai, Lien and Krupskaya among other Bolshevik leaders fought tirelessly for revolutions by forming revolutionary movements groups and mobilizing the women to join and participate. Among their demand were the equal economic rights, increase in their wages, better working conditions and equal job opportunities as well as maternity leaves alongside other benefits. The Bolsheviks tremendously fought for their desired victory from 1905 up to the late 1936s. The Russian revolution terminated the suffering endured by women. After the revolutions, women started to enjoy their economic freedom at the work place, equal job opportunities, and increased wages as well as improved working conditions. They were also granted with high education opportunities to access the needed education which they demanded for. The living conditions of the working class women were also improved as a result of the women revolutions. How to cite Russian Revolution for Women, Papers

Research Methods For Business Samples for †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Research Methods For Business. Answer: Reflection report This research is beneficial for me because it has not only developed my research skills but also developed my marketing skills. This research has increased my knowledge about advantages and disadvantages of using the social network in business practices. I have also learned that research on the social network has a wider scope from business perspectives. This research has increased my knowledge about social media as I have learned that social media is a sort of media which makes link between readers by different platforms named YouTube, Facebook, and Twitters. I have also gained experienced about the potential advantages of social media. In this way, I have learned that social media enables the company to interact with a large amount of population who lives in across the globe. It aids to stimulate the business growth. There are different kinds of companies like travel and tourism, retail, and electronics which have expanded their business by selling their products and services throu gh online channels (Schaltegger and Wagner, 2017). I have also gained learning that social media leads direct communication with the customers on the subject of delivering added value. It can be used to encourage the customers to recommend the products and services of the particular company (Zikmund, et. al., 2013). It was beneficial to me to recommend my companys product to a large number of customer hence it can provide me professional growth. During this research, I have also gained my understanding of the key characteristics of social media network. In such way, I have learned that social media network is the direct communication between customers and businesses. It provides the business to generate a direct bonding with the customers and also leads to encouraging the network (Hair, 2015). This experience has not only developed my marketing skills but also improved my communication skills as I am competent to directly communicate with the customers. From this research, I have also increased my knowledge regarding disadvantages of using the social network in business practices. In this way, I have learned that, through the social media, people are capable to send a direct message towards products and services that can be seen by other customer and it cannot be unseen from the websites. Hence, if a customer gives negative feedback to any products and services of a company then it should be resolved promptly (Bocken, et. al., 2014). This experience was effective for me to make a judgment regarding solving the negative feedbacks. Consequently, I can grow in my career by making the right decision at right time within an organization. This research has also created my understanding with respect to the cyber threat. I have learned that cyber threat can be occurred during using social media practices. Hence, the company should assess their social media frequently in case they not handle it by itself. At the same time, cybersquatters enable the corporation to protect the people on social media (Hair, 2015). As a result, I am competent to use this tool in their business practices to protect the customer and their organization existence on social media. From this research proposal, I have developed my research skills in terms of using research design. I have learned that research design is beneficial to facilitate the suitable guidance to collect the information and assess the findings of the research topic. It is also analyzed that there are different kinds of research design is used by a researcher like quantitative and qualitative (Bocken, et. al., 2014). I have also learned that this research topic is based on the subjective nature as a researcher will choose the qualitative research design. This research design is used to make conceptual framework and theories about the research issue (Leonardi, et. al., 2013). Together with, I have learned that quantitative research is used to assess the data of survey through a questionnaire. As a result, I am able to use these research designs in future. I have also gained learning about different approaches like inductive and deductive approach. In this way, I understood that inductive appr oach is used to obtain the reliable and valid outcome. As well, this approach is used to generate theory about the research issue. During this research, I have also boosted my experience regarding sampling and sample size. Sampling is a process of choosing the participants from the targeted population (Myers, 2013). This process is essential to obtain the data about research issue. I have gained my understanding that there are two kinds of sampling procedure is used to select the respondents such as probability and non-probability sampling method. As a result, I am enabling to choose the right participant by using the appropriate technique. From this research, I have also enhanced my knowledge about data collection method. In this way, I knew that data gathering process is beneficial to obtain the reliable and valid information about the research topic. There are two methods of collecting the data named primary and secondary. In this way, it is analyzed that primary data is collected from survey through questionnaire and interview methods whereas secondary data is collected from a different textbook, academic journals, online and offline websites, annual report and government publication (Sekaran and Bougie, 2016). In current time, I am competent to gather the information from different sources which would be beneficial to increase the profitability and productivity of my organization. This has also enhanced my market research skills as I can grow in this field in long-term. During this research, I have also learned that a researcher faces certain constraint to meet the research objectives. These constraints are time, cost and resources which creates difficulties to complete the research in a specified time period (Bryman and Bell, 2015). I have increased my understanding that researcher should concentrate to develop an appropriate questionnaire structure and choose the right respondents. I have also gained my knowledge regarding overcoming the research limitation. In this way, I knew that researcher should keep the privacy of confidential information regarding participants. In the last, I have gained understanding with respect to time schedule which is beneficial to do the particular activities of research in a specified time period. References Bocken, N. M. P., Short, S. W., Rana, P., and Evans, S. (2014) A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes,Journal of cleaner production,65, pp. 42-56. Bryman, A., and Bell, E. (2015)Business research methods. USA: Oxford University Press. Hair, J. F. (2015)Essentials of business research methods. UK: ME Sharpe. Leonardi, P. M., Huysman, M., and Steinfield, C. (2013) Enterprise social media: Definition, history, and prospects for the study of social technologies in organizations,Journal of Computer?Mediated Communication,19(1), pp.1-19. Myers, M. D. (2013)Qualitative research in business and management. USA: Sage. Schaltegger, S., and Wagner, M. (Eds.). (2017)Managing the business case for sustainability: The integration of social, environmental and economic performance. UK: Routledge. Sekaran, U., and Bougie, R. (2016)Research methods for business: A skill building approach. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., and Griffin, M. (2013)Business research methods. USA: Cengage Learning.

Priciples of Software Engineering free essay sample

Describe each law in your own words. Illustrate with a practical example ? Glass’ law â€Å"Requirement deficiencies are the prime source of project failures Coming to my explanation Glass law states that if the basic requirements of the projects is not constructed properly that may leads failure of the project. To achieve goals in the project it plays an vital role and any drawbacks may leads project unsuccessful. Around 20% of all IT project failures were caused by incomplete or badly managed requirements. Example: Technological University-Online Practical Tests In the case of technological university the requirements specifications for the online practical exams had been implemented without consulting students and university staff. This system was designed in such a way that students affliated to that university are write the test test online at the same day and same time. Considering the requirements of the colleges were different an the project objectives were different. This leads to failure of the that project. We will write a custom essay sample on Priciples of Software Engineering or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Boehm’s first law â€Å"Errors are most frequent during the requirements and design activities and are the more expensive the later they are removed†. Coming to my explanation Boehm’s law states that the basic designing of the projects mat leads to errors and miscalculations. The sooner you find a problem, the cheaper it is to fix , otherwise to detect the errors in the project is very expensive or complicated . This law is applicable from midrange systems. Example: City Council – Pay Roll System A city council developed a replacement payroll system believed that users had comprehensive knowledge of all the business requirements. But the current staff or IT team had participated in building the old system they had no knowledge of how it was built. That leads to many errors and it cause project failure. Boehm’s second law â€Å"Prototyping (significantly) reduces requirement and design errors, especially for user interfaces†. Coming to my explanation Boehm’s second law states that by prototype modelling the disigning of the project and errors can be reduced. To design the system the staff will be educated . So that that will increase the usability of the system among users. Example: In a postgraduation course prototype modelling experiments were conducted . Some of them were used requirement driven approach and others are prototyping approach. This will leads to satisfaction for the client compare to all other methods. Davis’ law â€Å"The value of a model depends on the view taken, but none is best for all purposes†. Coming to my explanation Davi’s law states that to describe systems requirements, it is very useful. This model is useful to solve the complicated tasks that other models find that difficult to solve. Example:In a system to solve the problems different methods were implemented. Each task follows their methodolgies to solve the problems. At the end all the methods got different results but there methodologies is useful to solve the problem. Your first task is to describe each software development methodology clearly and completely in your own words. You may use diagrams, examples or UML to help you do this. Waterfall Model : The waterfall model is a sequential software development process, in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards through the phases of conception, design, analysis, initiation ,testing and maintenance. This model is used in manufacturing industries and construction industries . It is ; highly structured physical environments in which after-the-fact changes are prohibitively costly, if not impossible. Since no formal software development methodologies existed at the time, this hardware-oriented model was simply adapted for software development. For example, one first completes requirements specification, which after sign-off are considered set in stone. When the requirements are fully completed, one proceeds to design. Spiral Model: The spiral model is a software development process combining elements of both design and prototyping-in-stages, in an effort to combine advantages of top-down and bottom-up concepts. Each phase starts with a design goal and ends with the client reviewing the progress . Analysis and engineering efforts are applied at each phase of the project, with an eye toward the end goal of the project. The spiral model might mean that you have a rough-cut of user elements as an operable application, add features in phases, and, at some point, add the final graphics. The Spiral model is used most often in large projects and needs constant review to stay on target. It can get their hands in and start working on a project earlier. Q3) Using the first four laws of the text, show where these are either implemented or missing in each software development methodology (Total Two). If a law is missing, explain the consequences and suggest how the process might be improved. Water Fall Model Glass’ law Requirement deficiencies are the prime source of project failures. The end users gathered by requirements in waterfall model. It states that the basic requirements of the projects is not constructed properly that may leads failure of the project. The failures were caused by incomplete or badly managed requirements. Boehm’s first law â€Å"Errors are most frequent during the requirements and design activities and are the more expensive the later they are removed†. It basic designing of the projects mat leads to errors and miscalculations. In waterfall model this law cannot be able to correct the errors. This law is not reliable for waterfall model. Boehm’s second law Prototyping (significantly) reduces requirement and design errors, especially for user interfaces†. This law cannot be able to correct the errors in waterfall model. The design phase would be reduced by prototype modelling. Davis’ law â€Å"The value of a model depends on the view taken, but none is best for all purposes†. The purpose of this model is not suitable for this law. Spiral Model Glass’ law â€Å"Requirement deficiencies are the prime source of project failures In waterfall model risk analysis is conducted on the prototype. By this if they need any requirement it will included in next stage. Boehm’s first law â€Å"Errors are most frequent during the requirements and design activities and are the more expensive the later they are removed†. In spiral model each phase starts with a design goal and ends with the client reviewing the progress . The risks were eliminated after number of stages. Boehm’s second law â€Å"Prototyping (significantly) reduces requirement and design errors, especially for user interfaces†. In spiral model it will design the prototype. and construct and design the prototype. The analysis and engineering efforts are applied at each phase of the project.

Analysis of No Longer at Ease by Achebe essays

Analysis of No Longer at Ease by Achebe essays The book No Longer at Ease by Chinua Achebe tells the story of a Nigerian man named Obi Okonkwo who struggles with cultural identity and loyalty. The story deals with many topics including nationalism, colonialism, conflict and self-identity. The novel by Achebe focuses on a young man's life and his lost connection with his African roots. Throughout the novel the author shares many themes of conflict and struggle. This struggle extends from his personal perceptions of what is right and wrong, but also addresses the conflict that exists within the country of Nigeria during the main characters youth. Within the story, a tale of "the young man's hatred for the ruling elite" comes out (Hamilton, 2002). The story takes place primarily in the setting of post-colonial Nigeria. The main character spends time both in his native country and in Europe. The main character of the novel, Obi, grows up in his native Nigeria, a country that has witnessed the spread of colonialism and mingled those traditions with the traditions of native people's living in Nigeria. In the novel, Obi travels to England in search of an education, and then returns to Nigeria only to find that his country has lost all of its "soul"(Hamilton, 2002). The European influences he recognized while attaining his education have actually permeated his native country enough to make it difficult to differentiate between Nigeria's true culture and Throughout the work, Obi finds he can't improve life for his fellow Nigerians in the manner in which he desires. He desires that his native people recognize their own culture as something to be proud of and enthusiastic about. Yet he is in conflict because he has benefited from European ways, including his career and education which were obtained in a British influenced environment. Obi struggles because many of his people have already chosen to embrace the ways of the British, ...

Robert Fulton and the Invention of the Steamboat

Robert Fulton and the Invention of the Steamboat Robert Fulton  (1765–1815) was an  American  engineer  and  inventor  who is widely known for developing a commercially successful  steamboat  called  Clermont. In 1807, that steamboat took passengers from New York City to Albany and back again, a round trip of 300 miles, in 62 hours.   Fast Facts: Robert Fulton Known For: Engineer and inventor who developed a commercially successful  steamboat  called  Clermont.Born: November 14, 1765Died: February 24, 1815Spouse: Harriet LivingstonChildren: Robert, Julia, Mary, and Cornelia Early Developments Fultons experiments began while he was in Paris, and may have been stimulated by his acquaintance with Chancellor Livingston, who held the monopoly, offered by the legislature of the State of New York, for the navigation of the Hudson River. Livingston was now the ambassador of the United States to the Court of France and had become interested in Fulton, meeting him, presumably, at a friends house. It was determined to try the experiment at once and on the Seine. Fulton went to Plombieres in the spring of 1802, and there made his drawings and completed his plans for the construction of his first steamboat. Many attempts had been made, and many inventors were at work contemporaneously with him. Every modern device - the jet system, the chaplet of buckets on an endless chain or rope, the paddle-wheel, and even the screw-propeller - had been already proposed, and all were familiar to the well-read man of science of the day. Indeed, as Benjamin H. Latrobe, a distinguished engineer at the time, wrote in a paper presented May 20, 1803, to the Philadelphia Society, A sort of mania began to prevail for propelling boats by means of  steam-engines. Fulton was one of those taking this mania most seriously. He made a number of models which worked successfully and justified the proprietors of the new arrangement in building on a larger scale. A model of the proposed steamboat was made during the year 1802, and was presented to the committee of the French legislature... With the encouragement of Livingston, who urged upon Fulton the importance of the introduction of steam navigation into their native country, the latter continued his experimental work. Their boat was finished and set afloat on the Seine in 1803, in the early spring. Its proportions had been determined by careful computation from the results of no less careful experiment on the resistance of fluids and the power required for propelling vessels; and its speed was, therefore, more nearly in accord with the expectations and promises of the inventor than was the usual experience in those days. Guided by these experiments and calculations, therefore, Fulton directed the construction of his steamboat vessel. The hull was 66 feet long, of 8 feet beam, and of light draught. But unfortunately the hull was too weak for its machinery, and it broke in two and sank to the bottom of the Seine. Fulton at once set about repairing damages. He was compelled to direct the rebuilding of the hull, but the machinery was but slightly injured. In June 1803, the reconstruction was complete, and the vessel was set afloat in July. A New Steamboat On August 9, 1803, this steamboat was cast loose in front of an immense crowd of spectators. The steamboat moved slowly, making only between three and four miles an hour against the current, the speed through the water was about 4.5 miles; but this was, all things considered, a great success. The experiment attracted little attention, notwithstanding the fact that its success had been witnessed by the committee of the National Academy and by officers on Napolean Bonapartes staff. The boat remained a long time on the Seine, near the palace. The water-tube boiler of this vessel is still preserved at the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers at Paris, where it is known as Barlows boiler.   Livingston wrote home, describing the trial and its results, and procured the passage of an Act by the legislature of the State of New York, extending, nominally to Fulton, a monopoly granted the former in 1798 for the term of 20 years from April 5, 1803 - the date of the new law - and extending the time allowed for proving the practicability of driving a boat 4 miles an hour by steam to  two years from the same date. A later act further extended the time to April 1807. In May  1804, Fulton went to England, giving up all hope of success in France with either his steamboats, and the chapter of his work in Europe practically ends here. He had already written to Boulton Watt, ordering an engine to be built from plans which he furnished them; but he had not informed them of the purpose to which it was to be applied. This engine was to have a steam cylinder two feet in diameter and of four feet stroke. Its form and proportions were substantially those of the boat engine of 1803. John Stevens and Sons Meantime, the opening of the century had been distinguished by the beginning of work in the same direction by the most active and energetic among Fultons later rivals. This was  Col. John Stevens  of Hoboken, who, assisted by his son, Robert L. Stevens, was earnestly engaged in the attempt to seize the prize now so evidently almost within the grasp. This younger Stevens was he of whom the great naval architect and engineer, John Scott Russell, afterward remarked: He is probably the man to whom, of all others, America owes the greatest share of its present highly improved steam navigation. The father and son worked together for years after Fulton had demonstrated the possibility of reaching the desired end, in the improvement of the hulls and machinery of the river steamboat, until in their hands, and especially in those of the son, the now familiar system of construction in all its essentials was developed. The elder Stevens, as early as 1789, evidently had seen what was in prospect, and had petitioned the legislature of the State of New York for a grant similar to that actually accorded Livingston, later; and he had certainly, at that time, formed plans for the application of steam power to navigation. The records show that he was at work on construction as early, at least, as 1791.   Stevens Steamboat In 1804, Stevens completed a steamboat 68 feet long and of 14 feet beam. Its boiler was of the water-tubular variety. It contained 100 tubes, 3 inches in diameter and 18 inches long, fastened at one end to a central water leg and steam-drum. The flames from the furnace passed among the tubes, the water being inside. The engine was direct-acting high-pressure condensing, having a 10-inch cylinder, two feet stroke of the piston, and driving a well-shaped screw, with four blades. This machinery - the high-pressure condensing engine, with rotating valves, and twin screw propellers  - as rebuilt in 1805, is still preserved. The hub and blade of a single screw, also used with the same machinery in 1804, is likewise extant. Stevens eldest son, John Cox Stevens, was in Great Britain in the year 1805, and while there patented a modification of this sectional boiler.   Fitch and Oliver While Fulton was still abroad,  John Fitch  and  Oliver Evans  were pursuing a similar course of the experiment, as were his contemporaries on the other side the Atlantic, and with more success. Fitch had made a number of fairly successful ventures and had shown beyond question that the project of applying steam to ship propulsion was a promising one, and  he had only failed through lack of financial backing, and inability to appreciate the amount of power that must be employed to give his boats any considerable speed. Evans had made his Oruktor Amphibolis - a flat-bottomed vessel which he built at his works in Philadelphia - and impelled by its own engines, on wheels, to the bank of the Schuylkill, and then afloat, down the stream to its berth, by paddle-wheels driven by the same engines. Other inventors were working on both sides the ocean with apparently good reason to hope for success, and the times evidently were ripe for the man who should best combine all the requi rements in a single experiment. The man to do this was Fulton. The Clermont Immediately on his arrival, in the winter of 1806-07, Fulton started on his boat, selecting Charles Brown as the builder, a well-known ship-builder of that time, and the builder of many of Fultons later steam-vessels. The hull of this steamer, which was the first to establish a regular route and regular transportation of passengers and merchandise in America. Fultons first boat in his native country was 133 feet long, 18 feet beam, and 7 feet depth of hold. The engine was of 24 inches diameter of the cylinder, 4 feet stroke of the piston; and its boiler was 20 feet long, 7 feet high, and 8 feet wide. The tonnage was computed at 160. After its first season, its operation having satisfied all concerned of the promise of the venture, its hull was lengthened to 140 feet, and widened to 16.5 feet, thus being completely rebuilt; while its engines were altered in a number of details, Fulton furnishing the drawings for the alterations. Two more boats, the Raritan and the Car of Neptune were added to form the fleet of 1807, and steam navigation was at last fairly begun in America, some years in advance of its establishment in Europe. The Legislature was so much impressed with this result that they promptly extended the monopoly previously given Fulton and Livingston, adding five years for every boat to be built and set in operation, up to a maximum not to exceed a total of thirty years. The Clermont, as Robert Fulton called this first boat, was begun in the winter of 1806-07, and launched in the spring; the machinery was at once put on board, and in August 1807, the craft was ready for the trial trip. The boat was promptly started on her proposed trip to Albany and made the run with perfect success. Fultons own account is as follows: Sir, - I arrived this afternoon at four oclock, in the steamboat from Albany. As the success of my experiment gives me great hopes that such boats may be rendered of great importance to my country, to prevent erroneous opinions and give some satisfaction to my friends of useful improvements you will have the goodness to publish the following statement of facts:I left New York on Monday at one oclock, and arrived at Clermont, the seat of Chancellor Livingston, at one oclock on Tuesday time, twenty-four hours; distance, one hundred and ten miles. On Wednesday I departed from the Chancellors at nine in the morning, and arrived at Albany at five in the afternoon: distance, forty miles; time, eight hours. The sum is one hundred and fifty miles in thirty-two hours, - equal to near five miles an hour. On Thursday, at nine oclock in the morning, I left Albany, and arrived at the Chancellors at six in the evening. I started from thence at seven, and arrived at New York at four in the afternoon: time, thirty hours; space run through, one hundred and fifty miles, equal to five miles an hour. Throughout my whole way, both going and returning, the wind was ahead. No advantage could be derived from my sails. The whole has therefore been performed by the power of the steamengines. I am, Sir your obedient servant - Robert Fulton The last boat which was constructed under Fultons directions, and according to drawings and plans furnished by him, is that which, in 1816, navigated the sound from New York to New Haven. She was  nearly 400 tons, built of uncommon strength, and fitted up with all conveniences and great elegance. She was the first steamboat with a round bottom like a sea-going ship. This form was adopted, because, for a great part of the route, she would be as much exposed as on the ocean. It was, therefore, necessary, to make her a good sea boat. She passed daily, and at all times of the tide, the then dangerous strait of Hell Gate where, for a mile, she frequently encountered a current running at the rate of 5 or 6 miles an hour. For some distance, she had within a few yards, on each side, rocks, and whirlpools which rivaled Scylla and Charybdis, even as they are poetically described. This passage, previously to its being navigated by this steamer, was supposed to be impassable except at the chan ge of the tide; and many shipwrecks had been occasioned by a mistake in time. The boat passing through these whirlpools with rapidity, while the angry waters foamed against her bows, and appeared to raise themselves in obstinate resistance to her passage, is a proud triumph of human ingenuity. The owners, as the highest tribute they had in their power to offer to his genius, and as an evidence of the gratitude they owed him, called her the Fulton. A steam ferry-boat was built to ply between New York and Jersey City in 1812, and the next year two others, to connect with Brooklyn. These were twin boats the two hulls being connected by a bridge or deck common to both. The Jersey ferry was crossed in fifteen minutes, the distance was a mile and a half. Fultons boat carried, at one load, eight carriages, and about thirty horses, and still had room for three hundred or four hundred foot passengers. Fultons description of one of these boats is as follows: She is built of two boats, each ten feet beam, eighty feet long, and five feet deep in the hold; which boats are distant from each often ten feet, confined by strong transverse beam knees and diagonal traces, forming a deck thirty feet wide and eighty feet long. The propelling water-wheel is placed between the boats to prevent it from injury from ice and shocks on entering or approaching the dock. The whole of the machinery being placed between the two boats, leaves ten feet on the deck of each boat for carriages, horses and cattle, etc.; the other, having neat benches and covered with an awning, is for passengers, and there is also a passage and stairway to a neat cabin, which is fifty feet long and five feet clear from the floor to the beams, furnished with benches, and provided with a stove in winter. Although the two boats and space between them gives thirty feet beam, yet they present sharp bows to the water, and have only the resistance in the water of one boat of twenty beam. Both ends being alike, and each having a rudder, she never puts about. Meantime, the War of 1812 was in progress, and Fulton designed a steam vessel-of-war, which was then considered a wonderfully formidable craft. Fulton proposed to build a vessel capable of carrying a heavy battery, and of steaming four miles an hour. The ship was fitted with furnaces for red-hot shot, and some of her guns were to be discharged below the water-line. The estimated cost was $320,000. The construction of the vessel was authorized by Congress in March  1814; the keel was laid June 20, 1814, and the vessel was launched October 29 of the same year. Fulton the First The Fulton the First, as she was called, was then considered an enormous vessel. The hull was double, 156 feet long, 56 feet wide, and 20 feet deep, measuring 2,475 tons. In May the ship was ready for her engine, and in July was so far completed as to steam, on a trial trip, to the ocean at Sandy Hook and back, 53 miles, in eight hours and twenty minutes. In September, with armament and stores on board, the ship made for sea and for battle; the same route was traversed, the vessel making 5.5 miles an hour. Her engine, having a steam cylinder 48 inches in diameter and of 5 feet stroke of piston, was furnished with steam by a copper boiler 22 feet long, 12 feet wide, and 8 feet high, and turned a wheel, between the two halls, 16 feet in diameter, with buckets 14 feet long, and a dip of 4 feet. The sides were 4 feet 10 inches thick, and her sporadic was surrounded by musket proof bulwarks. The armament consisted of 30 32-pounders, intended to discharge red-hot shot. There was one mast f or each hull, fitted with lateen sails. Large pumps were carried, intended to throw streams of water on the decks of the enemy, with a view to disabling him by wetting his ordnance and ammunition. A submarine gun was to have been carried at each bow, to discharge shot weighing one hundred pounds, at a depth of ten feet below water. This, for the time, tremendous engine-of-war was constructed in response to a demand from the citizens of New York for a means of harbor defense. They appointed what was called a Coast and Harbor Defense Committee, and this committee examined Fultons plans and called the attention of the General Government to them. The Government appointed a Board of Experts from among its most famous naval officers, including Commodore Decatur, Captains Paul Jones, Evans, and Biddle, Commodore Perry; and Captains Warrington and Lewis. They reported unanimously in favor of the proposed construction and set forth her advantages over all previously known forms of war vessels. The citizens committee offered to guarantee the expense of building the ship; and the construction was undertaken under the supervision of a committee appointed for the purpose, consisting of several then distinguished men, both military and naval. Congress authorized the building of coastal defense vessels by the President, in Ma rch  1814, and Fulton at once started the work of construction, Messrs. Adam and Noah Brown building the hull, and the engines being placed on-board and in working order within a year. Fultons Death The death of Fulton took place in the year 1815, while at the height of his fame and of his usefulness. He had been called to Trenton, New Jersey, in January of that year, to give testimony before the State legislature in reference to the proposed repeal of laws which had interfered with the operation of the ferry-boats and other steam-vessels plying between the city of New York and the New Jersey shore. It happened that the weather was cold, he was exposed to its severity both at Trenton and, especially, crossing the Hudson River on his return, and took a cold from which he never recovered. He became apparently convalescent after a few days; but insisted on visiting the new steam frigate too soon, to inspect work in progress there, and on his return home experienced a relapse, his illness finally resulting in his death on February 24, 1815. He left a wife (nee Harriet Livingston) and four children, three of whom were daughters. Fulton died in the service of the United States government; and although engaged for years in devoting time and talents to the best interests of our country, still the public records show that the Government was indebted to his estate upwards of $100,000 for money actually expended and services rendered by him, agreeably to contract. When the legislature, then in session at Albany, heard of the death of Fulton, they expressed their sentiments of regret by resolving that the members of both houses should wear mourning for six weeks. This is the only instance, up to that time, of such public testimonials of regret, esteem, and respect being offered on the death of a private citizen, who was only distinguished by his virtues, his genius, and his talents. He was buried on February 25, 1815. His funeral was attended by all the officers of the National and State governments in the city at the time, by the magistracy, the common council, a number of societies, and a greater number of citizens than had ever been collected on any similar occasion. When the procession began to move, and until it arrived at Trinity Church, minute-guns were fired from the steam frigate and the Battery. His body is deposited in a vault belonging to the Livingston family. In all his social relations he was kind, generous, and affectionate. His only use for money was to make it an aid to charity, hospitality, and the promotion of science. He was especially distinguished by constancy, industry, and that union of patience and persistence which overcame every difficulty.

Travel industry in Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Travel industry in Europe - Essay Example This essay tells that the popularity of British Airways was since the year 1974 after the combination of British overseas airways corporation and the British European Airways Corporation. Since its formation it has been one of the primary airlines in UK and Europe. Since its inception it has been the largest airline based on the fleet size and in respect of the number of passengers in UK as well. It serves a massive number of 150 destinations. The organization has been able to perform consistently over the years and has been one of the major profit making organizations in the airline industry. The operational excellence of the British airways can be linked to the fact that it has successfully implemented the 24 hour IT system. Besides this it has gained significant achievement within its community, market place and workplace. Other than being the largest airline in Britain it has contributed significantly in donations and has devised proper training strategies for noise reductions in the flights. British airways have also developed a lot with respect to the infrastructure. The new terminal 5 has been delivering fantastic service for the airlines and has benefitted the passengers as well. The overall organizational efficiency gained by the organization can be contributed to variety of factors. The general study in management reflects that there are various factors which lead to the operational efficiency of an organization.... Besides this it has gained significant achievement within its community, market place and workplace. Other than being the largest airline in Britain it has contributed significantly in donations and has devised proper training strategies for noise reductions in the flights. British airways have also developed a lot with respect to the infrastructure. The new terminal 5 has been delivering fantastic service for the airlines and has benefitted the passengers as well. (Overview – achievements, n. d) The overall organizational efficiency gained by the organization can be contributed to variety of factors. The general study in management reflects that there are various factors which lead to the operational efficiency of an organization. Research studies reflect that the prime factors leading to operational effectiveness are organization culture, organization operation, and organizational leadership. The paper analyzes each of the above mentioned factors with respect to the British airways. Leadership: The theory of leadership deals with managing a team of people for attaining a common set of goals. In British airways the organization opts for various leadership development programs. The leadership development program focuses on various issues like leaders will skill and commitment. The leaders will helps to identify the willingness of the leader to deliver according to reach the business benefits. The skill assessment measures the current level of skill the leader’s posses and the styles adopted by them to make it an effective learning process. Management ways of the organization emphasizes upon the manager’s response to obeying of